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Genotype are your genes
Phenotype is the physical expression of those genes
If we look at the gene for eye colour, we know there are multiple different variants called alleles.
For example your Gene for eye colour from your parents might be the allele for blue eyes from dad and the allele brown eyes from mum. This is your genotype
Whilst your eyes are brown. So, the physical expression of these two alleles results in you physically having brown eyes. This is your phenotype
The genotype is blue from dad, Brown from mum. Or, blue, Brown. Or simply bB
The phenotype is the physical expression of that gene: Brown Eyes
For every Gene, you have 2 Alleles
For every Gene, you have 2 Alleles
One from mum and one from dad
One from mum and one from dad
These Alleles might be the same: Homozygous
These Alleles might be the same: Homozygous
These Alleles might be different: Heterozygous
These Alleles might be different: Heterozygous
If they are different, the function of one might hide the function of the other
If they are different, the function of one might hide the function of the other
The one that is 'hidden' is: Recessive
The one that is 'hidden' is: Recessive
The one that 'does the job' is: Dominant
The one that 'does the job' is: Dominant
Truck Genes
Truck Genes
Before reading the following textbox, first have a look at the 'Truck Genes' illustration below and have a think about what is happening. What is it trying to show you?
Then, come back up and have a read of my explanation of my illustration
The illustration follows 2 Different Genes on two Different Chromosomes
Chromosome 1 is the Crane Truck Gene.
Chromosome 3 has the Bucket truck Gene.
Chromosomes 1. Gene: Crane Truck.
The image below has 3 sets of chromosomes. There is a gene of interest on two of them
The first gene of interest is the Gene for the Crane Truck. There are two versions as there are two chromosomes 1. One from each parent
Looking carefully, you can see that the two versions of the Truck gene have identical code: 'Great Lego Sets'.
So the two alleles of the one gene are the same, or Homozygous.
They are both copied by RNA polymerase (the photocopier) and sent to the Endoplasmic Reticulum, where the Ribosomes build them.
In the end, there are two identical Crane Trucks
The Genotype is Truck (T), Truck (T). The Genotype can be simplified to: TT
The Phenotype, or physical expression, is two exactly the same crane trucks.
The Phenotype is 'Crane Truck'
Side note, the truck crane holds the microphone that I use for my lectures :-)
Genotype: TT (Homozygous Dominant)
Phenotype: Crane Truck
Chromosome 3. Gene: Bucket Truck.
The next gene of interest is for the Bucket truck
This gene is on Chromosome 3.
There are two Chromosome 3s. One from mum and one from dad.
Looking at the Gene for the Bucket truck, you can see that there are two versions, or alleles, and they are different.
On the chromosome from mum, we got the allele 'ego', and on the chromosome from dad, we got the allele 'lego'
These two alleles are both transcribed by RNA polymerase (copied by the photocopier). However, look at the Messenger RNA - there is a difference! A part is missing!
These copies are sent to the Endoplasmic Reticulum, where the ribosomes then translate the message and build the truck. Notice a difference between the two?
Because of the difference between the two alleles and their mRNAs. The end proteins are different. One protein has the Bucket, the other one does not
However, because there is one truck that can do the 'Bucket' functions, it doesn't matter too much that the other one can't. Rather, production of the one that can will be ramped up, and more of that one will be made. Because of this, the Bucket one will do the job and be Dominant. The no-bucket truck can not do the job and will be hidden away as a Recessive allele
The Genotype was Heterozygous as the alleles were different: Bucket 'B' and no-bucket 'b': Bb
The Phenotype was "Bucket Truck" as there was still Bucket Truck proteins doing the Bucket Truck function so the non bucket truck was hidden.
Genotype: Bb (Heterozygous)
Phenotype: Bucket Truck
By Jeans they are clearly being punny with the word Genes.
However, Sydney Sweeney has the same Genes as every other woman on the planet.
But she has different Alleles.
In other words, what is great is that she has a unique combination of alleles.
This unique combination of alleles means that Sydney Sweeney has great Genetic Fitness for a particular niche - modelling and acting. What is genetically fit depends on where you are trying to fit in. For modeling in the USA, it works. For living in Zimbabwe, she would not be genetically fit, as she would always be sunburnt.
So really, the advertisement should read:
"AMERICAN EAGLE. Sydney Sweeny has great Alleles for modelling in the USA."
Mr Cowley Lectures on Genes, Alleles and Proteins
Mr Cowley Lectures on Genes, Alleles and Proteins
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